GCSE Biology (AQA)

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Effects of Smoking

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Organisation Animal Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems

Effects of Smoking

5:25 Factors Impacting Health
Spec 4.2.2.6
Previous Effects of Alcohol Next Cancer
  • Cigarette smoke contains thousands of harmful chemicals.
  • Smoking damages the lungs and airways.
  • Secondhand smoke poses health risks to non-smokers.
  • Smoking is a major risk factor for lung diseases like asthma, COPD, and lung infections.
  • Lung cancer, caused by uncontrolled cell growth, can occur in one or both lungs.
  • Symptoms of lung diseases include coughing, shortness of breath, and heavy mucus.
  • Diseased lungs have reduced alveoli surface area, leading to decreased oxygen absorption.
  • Long-term smokers often develop emphysema, characterized by reduced lung surface area and difficulty in exercising.
  • Laboratory studies show that chemicals in cigarette smoke cause cancer in animals.
  • Historical data shows a correlation between women smoking and lung cancer rates.
  • Smoking is also linked to cardiovascular diseases by damaging artery linings and promoting fatty buildups.
  • Carbon monoxide in smoke reduces oxygen transport in the blood, affecting overall oxygen availability.
  • Nicotine increases heart rate, putting additional strain on the heart.
  • Smoking during pregnancy can harm the unborn baby, leading to low birth weight, premature birth, and increased miscarriage risk.
  • Graphs and studies show a direct correlation between smoking in pregnant women and reduced birth mass in babies.

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