GCSE Biology (AQA)

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Eye Structure

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Homeostasis and Response The Human Nervous System

Eye Structure

3:35 The Eye
Spec 4.5.2.3
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  • The eye is a sense organ composed of various parts that work together to bend, focus, and sense light, allowing the brain to perceive light, intensity, and color.
  • The sclera, the white outer layer of the eyeball, functions to protect and support the eye.
  • The cornea, a transparent outer layer at the front of the eye, refracts (bends) light into the eye.
  • The iris, the colored part of the eye, contains muscles that control the amount of light entering the eye through the pupil, which appears black because it is a hole allowing light in.
  • The retina, located at the back of the eye, contains light receptor cells that detect different kinds of light, including low intensity and various colors or wavelengths.
  • The lens, a nearly transparent structure behind the iris, focuses light towards the retina.
  • The lens's shape and position are controlled by the ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments, which contract and relax (muscles) and tighten and loosen (ligaments) to adjust the lens.
  • The optic nerve, a bundle of neurons at the back of the eye, carries impulses from the retina's receptors to the brain, highlighting the interdependence of the eyes and brain for vision.

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