GCSE Biology (AQA)

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Food Chains

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Ecology Organisation of an Ecosystem

Food Chains

2:11 Understanding Feeding Relationships
Spec 4.7.2.1
Previous Predator-Prey Cycles Next Quadrats & Transects
  • Food chains illustrate feeding relationships within a community.
  • They show the flow of food and energy between organisms.
  • Food chains provide an overview of how communities are organized.
  • Food chains begin with photosynthetic organisms (producers) that convert energy into glucose and biomass.
  • Producers include plants and algae, which photosynthesize and convert the sun's energy into biomass.
  • Energy cannot be created or destroyed, a key concept for understanding food chains.
  • The biomass produced by producers feeds the rest of the food chain.
  • Organisms in the food chain obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
  • Producers are eaten by primary consumers, which may be eaten by secondary consumers, followed by tertiary consumers.
  • Primary consumers are the first level of consumers after producers, secondary are the second, and tertiary are the third.
  • Consumers that kill and eat other animals are called predators, and the animals they eat are called prey.
  • The final predator in a food chain is referred to as the top predator or apex predator.

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