GCSE Biology (AQA)

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Immune System

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Infection and Response Communicable Diseases

Immune System

3:00 Fighting Communicable Diseases
Spec 4.3.1.6
Previous Non-Specific Defence Systems Next Vaccination
  • The immune system consists of white blood cells in the blood that destroy pathogens.
  • Phagocytes, a type of white blood cell, are non-specific and defend against all pathogens.
  • Phagocytosis involves phagocytes engulfing, digesting, and destroying pathogens.
  • Pathogens have antigens on their surface which are targeted by antibodies produced by some white blood cells.
  • Antibodies are specific to particular pathogens and help clump them together for easier destruction by phagocytes.
  • Re-exposure to the same pathogen results in a quicker immune response, reducing the likelihood of illness.
  • Vaccines work on this principle and are part of the immune system study for exams.
  • Other white blood cells produce antitoxins that neutralize toxins released by pathogens.
  • For exams, it's important to understand the roles of white blood cells in defending against pathogens through phagocytosis and antitoxin production.

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