GCSE Biology (AQA)

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Metabolism

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Bioenergetics Respiration

Metabolism

2:57 Exercise and the Human Body
Spec 4.4.2.3
Previous Recovering from Oxygen Debt Next Homeostasis
  • Metabolism encompasses all reactions within a cell or body, utilizing energy from respiration.
  • Metabolic processes are continuously regulated by enzymes and involve both synthesis and breakdown of molecules.
  • Enzymes control the speed of metabolic reactions.
  • An example of synthesis in metabolism is the formation of molecules from different reactants.
  • Metabolic processes include the conversion of glucose into polymers like starch, glycogen, and cellulose, which can be broken down back into glucose by enzymes for use in respiration.
  • Glycerol and fatty acids can be converted into lipids (fats), which can also be broken down by enzymes.
  • Glucose and nitrate ions combine to form amino acids, which link to create proteins through protein synthesis.
  • Proteins can be broken down into amino acids for other uses within the body.
  • Respiration, a crucial metabolic process, occurs in mitochondria, transferring energy from glucose for metabolic processes and producing carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
  • Waste products of metabolism, such as urea, result from protein breakdown and are excreted in urine.

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