GCSE Biology (AQA)

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Risk Factors for Cancer

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Organisation Animal Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems

Risk Factors for Cancer

2:47 Cancer and the Cost of Disease
Spec 4.2.2.6 4.2.2.7
Previous Cancer Next Human & Financial Cost of Disease
  • There are many types of cancer with various risk factors.
  • Cancer cells are influenced by both lifestyle and genetic risk factors.
  • Carcinogens, which can cause cancer, include substances and environmental factors.
  • Ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays from radioactive substances and X-rays from medical equipment, is a significant cancer risk factor.
  • UV rays from the sun or UV lights are major causes of most skin cancers; using sun cream is essential for protection.
  • Lifestyle risk factors for cancer include smoking and alcohol consumption.
  • Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, with over 50 chemicals in cigarette smoke identified as carcinogenic.
  • Alcohol consumption is linked to liver cancer.
  • Data shows a direct correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked daily and the relative risk of lung cancer.
  • Laboratory studies confirm that chemicals in cigarette smoke cause cancer in animals.
  • Graphical data illustrates a correlation between the percentage of women smoking and the annual death rate from lung cancer, showing a decrease in both after 1970.

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