GCSE Biology (AQA)

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Vaccination

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Infection and Response Communicable Diseases

Vaccination

2:30 Fighting Communicable Diseases
Spec 4.3.1.7
Previous Immune System Next Antibiotics & Painkillers
  • Vaccination involves introducing a small quantity of a dead or inactive pathogen into the body, usually via injection.
  • The pathogen inside the vaccine is dead and therefore safe.
  • Vaccination protects individuals by preventing infection or illness if they are exposed to the pathogen.
  • Vaccines stimulate white blood cells to produce antibodies against the introduced pathogen.
  • If exposed to the same pathogen in the future, the body can rapidly produce the correct antibodies to prevent infection.
  • Antibodies remain in the body after vaccination, allowing for a rapid response to future exposures.
  • Antibody levels can decrease over time, which is why booster vaccines may be necessary.
  • Booster vaccines or exposure to the pathogen can trigger a strong and rapid increase in antibody concentration.
  • Widespread vaccination reduces the spread of disease by decreasing the number of people who can transmit the infection.
  • As more people get vaccinated, the overall disease prevalence decreases, indirectly protecting even those who are not vaccinated through herd immunity.
  • The term "herd immunity" refers to this protective effect but is not necessary for exam knowledge.

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