GCSE Chemistry (AQA)

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Titration

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Chemical changes Reactions of acids

Titration

11:46 Acid - Base Reactions and pH
Spec 4.4.2.5
Previous pH Scale Next Titration Calculations
  • Scientists may need to determine an unknown concentration of a solution.
  • Example: A bottle of hydrochloric acid with a ruined label, unknown concentration.
  • Titration is an experimental technique used to determine unknown concentrations.
  • Titration involves reacting a solution of unknown concentration with a solution of known concentration and volume.
  • Typically involves an acid and an alkali.
  • The aim is to determine the point at which the unknown sample is neutralized.
  • A suitable indicator, such as phenolphthalein, is needed.
  • Phenolphthalein changes color depending on pH: colorless in acidic/neutral, pink in alkaline.
  • Titration involves multiple steps using scientific apparatus.
  • Apparatus includes a burette, conical flask, pipette, and pipette filler.
  • Example process: using acid to find the concentration of an alkali.
  • Steps include filling pipette with alkali, adding indicator, filling burette with acid, adding acid to alkali, and recording volumes.
  • The endpoint is when the indicator permanently changes color.
  • Record the final volume of acid in the burette.
  • Calculate the total volume added (titer) using the formula: final volume - initial volume.
  • Titration is typically repeated for accuracy.
  • Concordant results are within 0.2 cm�� of each other.
  • Record results in a table, noting initial and final volumes, and titer.
  • Calculate the mean titer using concordant results only.

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