GCSE Combined Science (AQA)

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Alternating & Direct Potential Differences

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Electricity Domestic uses and safety

Alternating & Direct Potential Differences

2:11 Mains Electricity
Spec 4.2.3.1
Previous Cells in Series Next AC & DC Current Graphs
  • Direct potential difference remains in one direction, causing a direct current (DC).
  • Direct current (DC) is defined as a current where charge carriers flow in the same direction around a circuit.
  • Electrons in a direct current travel in the same direction.
  • Alternating potential difference switches direction, causing the current to switch direction, known as alternating current (AC).
  • Alternating current (AC) is defined as a current where charge periodically changes direction in a circuit.
  • In AC, charge carriers are pushed back and forth, transferring energy to each other.
  • Direct potential differences are provided by power sources like cells or batteries, which have positive and negative terminals.
  • Examples of DC sources include cells, batteries, and dynamos, but exams typically require only cells and batteries to be stated.
  • Alternating potential differences are provided by power sources such as AC generators.
  • AC generators convert kinetic energy into electrical energy and are used in the national grid.
  • Only single science students need to know the details of how the AC generator works for exams.

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