GCSE Combined Science (AQA)

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Force-Extension Graphs

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Forces Forces and elasticity

Force-Extension Graphs

2:10 Deformations and Springs
Spec 4.5.3
Previous Calculating Extension Next Calculating Elastic Potential Energy
  • A force extension graph shows the extension of a spring for certain applied forces.
  • Extension is on the Y axis (centimeters), force is on the X axis (Newtons).
  • Graphs are created by hanging known weights from the spring and measuring extension.
  • Dots are joined with a smooth curve; the curve's shape changes.
  • For small forces, the graph is linear (straight line, Y = MX + C).
  • The limit of proportionality is the largest force for which the spring stretches linearly.
  • After this point, the spring stretches more easily due to broken bonds.
  • The limit of proportionality varies by material (e.g., small for elastic bands).
  • Beyond this limit, the spring undergoes inelastic deformation.
  • When force is removed, the spring remains permanently deformed with some extension.
  • Some materials can still undergo elastic deformation after the limit (e.g., elastic bands), while others break shortly after (e.g., glass).

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