GCSE Combined Science (AQA)

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Fractional Distillation

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Atomic structure and the periodic table A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes

Fractional Distillation

5:08 Separation of Mixtures
Spec 4.1.1.2
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  • Fractional distillation separates mixtures of two or more liquids.
  • Example: Separating ethanol and water from a solution.
  • Fractional distillation is a physical process, not involving chemical reactions.
  • Separated liquids are called fractions.
  • Process relies on different boiling points of liquids.
  • Step-by-step process:
  • 1. Heat the mixture in a round bottom flask using an electric heater.
  • 2. The liquid with the lowest boiling point (ethanol) evaporates first.
  • 3. The gas cools down and condenses into a liquid in a condenser, collected in a beaker.
  • 4. When droplets stop forming, replace the beaker and increase the temperature.
  • 5. The second liquid (water) evaporates, cools down, and condenses into the second beaker.
  • Ensure purity by evaporating all liquids, including water.
  • Repeat the process for additional liquids in the mixture.

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