GCSE Combined Science (AQA)

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Limitations of the Particle Model

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Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter How bonding and structure are related to the properties of substances

Limitations of the Particle Model

2:26 States of Matter
Spec 4.2.2.1
Previous The Particle Theory Next Changes in State
  • The particle model helps understand the arrangement of particles in different states of matter.
  • Particles are represented by small circles with different layouts for solids, liquids, and gases.
  • Solids have regularly arranged circles, liquids have slightly more chaotic circles, and gases have circles far apart, moving rapidly.
  • The particle model has limitations, such as representing particles as solid inelastic spheres.
  • Atoms, ions, or molecules aren't solid spheres, and the model doesn't accurately represent them.
  • Particles are more complex with empty space and are made up of other particles.
  • The particle model does not show forces between particles.
  • Forces between particles vary depending on the substance and its structure.
  • Different substances like salt, iron, and graphite have different structures and bonding, affecting particle interaction.
  • These differences are not considered when looking at changes between different states of matter.

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