GCSE Combined Science (AQA)

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Periodic Table Structure

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Atomic structure and the periodic table The periodic table

Periodic Table Structure

3:04 Periodic Table and Arrangement of Electrons
Spec 4.1.2.1
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  • Elements are arranged in rows in the periodic table.
  • Listed in order of increasing atomic or proton number.
  • Atomic numbers are written under the element symbols.
  • Numbers increase from top left to bottom right.
  • Rows are called periods; there are seven periods in total.
  • Columns are known as groups; there are eight groups in total, with the last group known as Group zero.
  • Some groups have special names: alkaline metals, halogens, and noble gases.
  • Group one (alkaline metals) is highly reactive.
  • Group zero (noble gases) is highly unreactive.
  • Elements in each group have similar properties.
  • The periodic table is called "periodic" because similar properties occur at regular intervals.
  • Each row starts with a very reactive metal, then less reactive metals, non-metals, and ends with an unreactive noble gas.
  • The pattern repeats with each new row.
  • Hydrogen is an exception to the pattern and is often drawn separately.

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