GCSE Combined Science (AQA)

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Simple Distillation

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Atomic structure and the periodic table A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes

Simple Distillation

4:36 Separation of Mixtures
Spec 4.1.1.2
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  • Simple distillation is used to separate mixtures, specifically solvents from a solution.
  • Distillation allows retention of the solvent, unlike crystallization which causes solvent loss.
  • Example setup: distillation of sea water, a mixture of water and dissolved salt.
  • After distillation, pure water is collected separately, leaving salt in the flask.
  • Simple distillation is a physical process, not involving chemical reactions or creating new substances.
  • Process steps:
  • 1. Heat the solution in a round bottom flask (e.g., sea water).
  • 2. Solvent evaporates, forming vapor that rises in the flask.
  • 3. Vapor passes through the inner tube of a condenser, cooled by cold water in the outer tube.
  • 4. Vapor condenses back into liquid, collected in a vessel.
  • 5. As water evaporates, salt crystals form in the flask.
  • The process results in two products: pure water and salt crystals.

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