GCSE Combined Science (AQA)

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State Symbols

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Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter How bonding and structure are related to the properties of substances

State Symbols

3:28 Changes of State
Spec 4.2.2.2
Previous Changes in State Next Polymers & Covalent Bonds
  • Balanced symbol equations represent chemical reactions.
  • Example: Breakdown of mercury oxide (HGO) into mercury (hg) and oxygen (O2).
  • Numbers are added to balance equations.
  • State symbols represent states of matter: (s) for solid, (l) for liquid, (g) for gas.
  • Aqueous solutions (dissolved in water) are represented by (aq).
  • Dissolving is a physical change, not a chemical reaction.
  • Example: Lithium reacting with oxygen forms lithium oxide.
  • Lithium is a solid (s), oxygen is a gas (g), lithium oxide is a solid (s).
  • Example: Lithium reacting with water forms lithium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
  • Lithium is a solid (s), water is a liquid (l), lithium hydroxide is aqueous (aq), hydrogen is a gas (g).

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