Topic Summaries
Thermoregulation
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
- Body temperature is monitored and controlled by the thermoregulatory centre in the brain which contains receptors sensitive to the temperature of the blood.
- The skin contains temperature receptors and sends nervous impulses to the brain.
- If the body temperature is too high arterioles near the skin’s surface dilate (vasodilation), increasing blood flow so more heat is lost from the body via convection, conduction, and radiation. Sweat is produced from sweat glands, so energy is taken from the body as it evaporates.
- If the body temperature is too low arterioles near the surface of the skin constrict (vasoconstriction), minimising blood flow and heat loss. Sweating stops, and skeletal muscles involuntarily contract and relax quickly (shiver) to generate heat
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