Topic Summaries

Diffusion

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  • Diffusion is the net movement of particles in solution or of a gas from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.Examples include oxygen and carbon dioxide in gas exchange, and waste urea from cells into the blood plasma for excretion in the kidney.
  • Factors affecting diffusion rate:
    • Steeper concentration gradients increase diffusion rate.
    • Higher temperatures increase diffusion rate.
    • Increasing surface area increases diffusion rate.
  • The effectiveness of diffusion exchange surface in humans is increased by having:
    • A large surface area
    • A thin membrane (short distance for diffusion)
    • Efficient blood supply in animals
    • Well-ventilated in animals for gas exchange
    • Moist membrane in animals for gas exchange

Diffusion in human lungs

Diffusion in human small intestine

Diffusion in fish gills

Diffusion in plant roots

Diffusion in plant leaves

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