GCSE Physics (AQA)

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Alpha Particles

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Atomic structure Atoms and nuclear radiation

Alpha Particles

4:42 Types of Radiation
Spec 4.4.2.1
Previous Ionisation Next Beta Particles
  • An alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons.
  • It is equivalent to a helium nucleus without electrons.
  • Large, unstable nuclei release alpha particles to become more stable.
  • Alpha particles are highly ionizing due to their strong positive charge.
  • Ionization occurs when atoms become ions by gaining or losing electrons.
  • Alpha particles have a charge of two plus, containing two protons and no electrons.
  • Alpha particles can only travel about five centimeters in air.
  • They lose energy quickly due to collisions and ionization.
  • Alpha particles can ionize air molecules without direct contact.
  • Alpha particles are stopped by a thin sheet of paper or most solids.
  • A sheet of paper less than one millimeter thick can stop alpha particles.

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