GCSE Physics (AQA)

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Background Radiation Dose

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Atomic structure Hazards and uses of radioactive emissions and of background radiation

Background Radiation Dose

2:29 Background Radiation
Spec 4.4.3.1
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  • Average person in the UK receives a yearly radiation dose of 2.4 milli cts from background radiation.
  • Background radiation is natural and comes from various sources.
  • The dose from background radiation is not harmful but can slightly increase cancer risk.
  • Background radiation dose can vary based on location or occupation.
  • Pilots and airline staff have increased exposure due to cosmic rays and upper atmosphere radiation.
  • Passengers also receive this dose but less frequently.
  • Cosmic rays are electromagnetic waves from space; atmospheric radiation comes from radon and unstable nuclei.
  • Doctors and hospital workers have increased exposure due to radioactive procedures.
  • Radiotherapy is an example of a procedure using radiation to kill cancer cells.
  • Measures are taken to reduce exposure, such as operating machines remotely and keeping track of radiation exposure.
  • Nuclear power station workers follow similar procedures.
  • Areas around hospitals, nuclear power stations, and contaminated soil/rocks have higher background radiation.
  • Radioactive waste and medical X-rays contribute to background radiation in these areas.
  • In exams, it's important to explain why certain people receive more background radiation than others.

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