GCSE Physics (AQA)

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Beta Particles

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Atomic structure Atoms and nuclear radiation

Beta Particles

2:03 Types of Radiation
Spec 4.4.2.1
Previous Alpha Particles Next Gamma Rays
  • A beta particle is a type of radiation consisting of a fast-moving electron ejected from a nucleus.
  • It is released from an atom with too many neutrons.
  • A beta particle is the same as a free electron.
  • It is emitted when a neutron turns into a proton.
  • Beta particles are moderately ionizing due to their negative charge.
  • They can cause ionization through electrostatic repulsion, knocking electrons out of their orbit.
  • Beta particles have less ionization compared to alpha particles.
  • They can travel only a few meters in air.
  • Beta particles lose energy due to ionization when colliding with air molecules.
  • They can be stopped by a sheet of aluminum a few millimeters thick.
  • Five millimeters of aluminum can stop beta particles as there are more atoms to interact with than in air.

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