GCSE Physics (AQA)

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Conservation of Momentum

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Forces Momentum

Conservation of Momentum

7:19 Conservation of Momentum
Spec 4.5.7.2
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  • In a closed system, the total momentum of colliding particles remains unchanged.
  • Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.
  • Example: Two billiard balls, where the first ball transfers its momentum to the second upon collision.
  • Another example: Two people on roller skates, where momentum is shared between them after collision.
  • The principle of conservation of momentum states that momentum is conserved in a closed system.
  • Momentum cannot be gained or lost without transfer to another object.
  • In a gas with many particles, individual momentum changes, but total momentum remains constant.
  • Momentum is a vector, and total momentum is the vector sum of all particles' momentum.
  • A closed system has no external forces acting on its particles.
  • Example: Billiard balls in space with only reaction forces between them.
  • An open system allows external forces, leading to changes in total momentum.
  • Example: Billiard balls on a rough table experiencing friction, an external force.
  • In exams, explain momentum conservation in closed systems or identify why a system isn't closed when momentum isn't conserved.

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