GCSE Physics (AQA)

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Forming Images

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Forming Images

8:23 Types of Image
Spec 4.6.2.5
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  • The image formed by a convex lens depends on the object's location.
  • Lenses form images by refracting light from an object.
  • A convex lens curves outwards, causing parallel rays to converge.
  • The principle axis is a line through the center of the lens where rays don't refract.
  • The image is real and inverted if the object is further than the focus.
  • The focus is the point where rays parallel to the principle axis converge.
  • A convex lens has a principle focus on either side.
  • Ray diagrams use three key rays: through the lens center, parallel to the axis then through the focus, and through the focus then parallel to the axis.
  • If the object is between the focus and the lens, the image is virtual and upright.
  • Concave lenses only form virtual upright images regardless of object location.
  • Concave lenses curve inwards, causing parallel light rays to diverge.
  • For concave lenses, rays parallel to the principle axis appear to pass through a virtual focus.
  • A table can summarize lens types and image properties:
  • Convex lens: real inverted image if object is further than focus; virtual upright image if closer.
  • Concave lens: always virtual upright image.
  • Understanding lens behavior helps predict image types before constructing ray diagrams.

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