GCSE Physics (AQA)

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Kinetic Energy of Molecules

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Particle model of matter Internal energy and energy transfers

Kinetic Energy of Molecules

3:16 Internal Energy
Spec 4.3.2.1
Previous Change of State as a Physical Change Next Potential Energy between Molecules
  • Molecules in a substance are in constant motion.
  • Molecules can be thought of as balls of matter that are always moving, such as vibrating.
  • The movement of molecules depends on intermolecular bonds holding them together.
  • Intermolecular bonds can be likened to springs that keep molecules in formation.
  • Motion of molecules means they carry kinetic energy.
  • Kinetic energy is held by moving objects.
  • In a solid state, molecules vibrate around fixed positions due to strong intermolecular bonds.
  • Solid molecules have a small amount of kinetic energy as they can't move much.
  • In a liquid state, molecules can move and flow around each other due to weaker bonds.
  • Liquid molecules have a moderate amount of kinetic energy, more than solids but still limited.
  • In a gas state, molecules move freely with random motion as intermolecular bonds are broken.
  • Gas molecules have a large amount of kinetic energy, much more than solids or liquids.
  • Understanding the differences in kinetic energy between states of matter is important for exams.

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