GCSE Physics (AQA)

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Man-Made Background Radiation

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Atomic structure Hazards and uses of radioactive emissions and of background radiation

Man-Made Background Radiation

2:26 Background Radiation
Spec 4.4.3.1
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  • Radiation has been used in various ways since its discovery.
  • Beta radiation can detect cracks in objects as it can't pass through unless a fault is present.
  • Gamma rays can sterilize food by killing bacteria without contaminating it.
  • The amount of radiation used in these processes is small and controlled, contributing to background radiation.
  • Hospitals use radiation for diagnostics and treatment, including x-rays, tracing, and radiotherapy.
  • Radiation from hospitals accounts for about 12% of background radiation, the main source of manmade background radiation.
  • Nuclear power stations are designed to prevent radiation leakage using lead shielding and thick concrete.
  • Radiation leaks can occur following accidents, as seen in Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters.
  • Historic nuclear weapons testing from the 1940s still contributes to detectable background radiation.
  • Nuclear explosions release radiation when a nuclear reaction goes out of control.
  • In exams, you may need to provide examples of natural or manmade background radiation.

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