GCSE Physics (AQA)

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Natural Background Radiation

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Atomic structure Hazards and uses of radioactive emissions and of background radiation

Natural Background Radiation

2:40 Background Radiation
Spec 4.4.3.1
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  • Background radiation is a small amount of radiation always present around us from various sources.
  • This radiation is generally too weak to cause harm compared to direct source exposure.
  • Background radiation sources include:
  • Radioactive isotopes in rocks such as thorium, uranium, radon, and potassium.
  • Radon gas released by rocks is the largest source of background radiation.
  • Organic materials contain radioactive isotopes like carbon-14 and potassium-40.
  • Water can pick up radioactive isotopes from the earth, which then enter rivers.
  • Cosmic rays from outer space contribute to background radiation on earth.
  • Radon is particularly dangerous as an alpha emitter that can be inhaled.
  • Certain areas have higher radon concentrations depending on rock types.
  • Cosmic rays reach the earth as electromagnetic waves and can cause nuclear reactions creating unstable isotopes.
  • It is important to remember various sources of background radiation for exams.

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