GCSE Physics (AQA)

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Potential Energy between Molecules

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Particle model of matter Internal energy and energy transfers

Potential Energy between Molecules

3:15 Internal Energy
Spec 4.3.2.1
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  • Molecules in a substance are held together by intermolecular bonds.
  • Molecules can be visualized as balls of matter connected by springs, representing intermolecular bonds.
  • Intermolecular bonds prevent molecules from moving freely and help maintain the substance's structure.
  • Bonds have potential energy stored in them, while molecules have kinetic energy causing movement or vibration.
  • Bonds limit molecular movement by absorbing some kinetic energy.
  • Potential energy is related to intermolecular forces and bonds, and it changes between states of matter.
  • In solids, molecules are in a rigid structure, held by strong bonds, resulting in high potential energy.
  • In liquids, molecules can move and flow around each other due to weaker bonds, resulting in moderate potential energy.
  • In gases, bonds are very weak or almost non-existent, allowing free and independent movement of molecules, resulting in low potential energy.
  • Solids have the most potential energy, while gases have the least.

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