GCSE Physics (AQA)

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The National Grid

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Electricity Energy transfers

The National Grid

2:02 The National Grid
Spec 4.2.4.3
Previous Energy Transfers in Appliances Next Transformers in the National Grid
  • The National Grid efficiently transports electricity from power stations to homes.
  • Electricity is transported over distances of hundreds of miles.
  • Generators in power stations generate alternating current at 1000 amps and 25,000 volts.
  • Energy from various resources creates kinetic energy for an AC generator in power stations.
  • Step up transformers increase potential difference to 400,000 volts and decrease current to 62.5 amps.
  • Transformers change the potential difference of alternating current.
  • A step up transformer increases voltage using two coils of wire wrapped around an iron core.
  • High potential difference is used for transmission across long overhead cables to reduce energy loss.
  • High overhead cables keep the dangerous high potential difference away from people.
  • Step down transformers decrease potential difference to 230 volts for safe home use.
  • Step down transformers are typically located at relay stations in towns.

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