Topic Summaries

Ways of working

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IGCSE > Business > Pearson IGCSE > IGCSE Business Topic Summaries > Human resources > Ways of working
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In today’s dynamic business environment, companies offer a range of working arrangements to meet both organisational needs and employee expectations. These working patterns help businesses stay agile while promoting work-life balance, employee satisfaction, and access to a wider talent pool.

Advances in technology—such as cloud computing, collaborative platforms, and video conferencing—have transformed the way people work. Businesses are no longer limited to local talent or fixed office hours, and employees increasingly expect flexibility and autonomy.

Type of working arrangement Description Suitable for
Full-time Usually 35–40 hours per week, often with regular hours and full employment benefits Core staff; roles requiring continuity and responsibility
Part-time Fewer hours than full-time; often used for flexibility or to balance other commitments Students, parents, carers, or semi-retired workers
Flexible working Any arrangement that allows variation in working hours, location, or patterns Employees seeking work-life balance; businesses needing adaptability
Permanent contracts Ongoing employment with benefits such as holiday pay, pensions, and job security Long-term positions; roles requiring loyalty and continuity
Temporary contracts Fixed-term roles, often linked to a time-specific task, event, or peak season Seasonal roles (e.g. retail during holidays), cover for absences
Freelancers Self-employed individuals hired to complete specific tasks, usually for short-term work Creative industries, IT, marketing, writing, design

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