Topic Summaries

Case study – urban change in the UK

GCSE > Geography > OCR B > GCSE Geography Topic Summaries > Patterns of urban change > Case study – urban change in the UK
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Hot desert ecosystems

Glacial landscapes

Glacial landform processes

Bristol, UK
Location and importance of city
  • Location: south-west England.
  • Population: 483,000 people (2024)
  • High-tech industries; 2015 Green Capital award winner
Opportunities from urban change
  • Cultural mix: community events and social harmony.
  • Recreation: the aim is to plant trees so that tree canopy will cover 20% of the city with trees by 2035.
  • Employment: jobs in low-carbon industries.
  • Transport: bio-buses powered by food and sewage waste.
  • Urban greening: 27% of the city is a wildlife network, with plans to make Bristol an urban nature reserve.
Social challenges from urban change

Inequalities between two areas (Filwood and Stoke Bishop):

  • Housing: Filwood has poorly insulated homes, while 81% of Stoke Bishop homes are owner-occupied.
  • Education: only 36% of Filwood students get grades 5-9 at GCSE, compared to 94% in Stoke Bishop.
  • Health: life expectancy 78 in Filwood vs 83 in Stoke Bishop.
  • Employment: 1/3 of 16-24-year-olds in Filwood are unemployed, compared to 3% in Stoke Bishop.
Environmental challenges from urban change
  • Dereliction: abandoned properties in Stokes Croft.
  • Waste disposal: 1/2 million tons of waste annually.
  • Brownfield vs. greenfield site building: brownfield sites have easier planning as there is existing infrastructure, whereas greenfield sites have more garden space but building on them may harm the countryside.
  • Urban sprawl: expands into rural areas, destroying ecosystems and increasing pollution
Urban regeneration

Temple Quarter Project:

  • Deemed necessary to address the lack of green spaces, low income, poor transport options, and absence of business opportunities.
  • Electrified train tracks for faster, quieter, and eco-friendly transport.
  • A £200 million university campus to teach tech skills.
  • Sustainable buildings like Glass Wharf with tinted windows to reduce energy use

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