Topic Summaries
Human stem cells
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
- A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell capable of replication and differentiation into other types of cell.
- In human embryos, embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any type of specialised human cell (totipotent). Once it has differentiated, it cannot change back or switch cell type.
- In adult bone marrow, adult stem cells can form many specific cell types, such as blood stem cells producing blood cells (multipotent).
- Human stem cells can be used in therapeutic cloning to help conditions such as diabetes and paralysis.
- An embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient.
- Stem cells from the embryo are not rejected by the patient’s body.
- Potential risks include transfer of viral infection and some people have ethical or religious objections.
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