Topic Summaries
The circulatory system
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
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The heart is an organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system (blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circuit of the body):
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The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange.
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Oxygen enters the blood and waste carbon dioxide leaves the blood.
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The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around the rest of the body where body cells use the oxygen for aerobic respiration to provide energy.
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Respiration also produces waste carbon dioxide, which is transported in the blood and exhaled via the lungs.
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Heart rate: number of times a heart beats per minute.
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Stroke volume: amount of blood ejected from the heart per heartbeat.
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Cardiac output: volume of blood being pumped by the heart per minute (i.e. heart rate × stroke volume).
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