GCSE > Computer Science > AQA > GCSE Computer Science > COMPUTER SYSTEMS: Computer systems > Functions of automated systems
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COMPUTER SYSTEMS: Encoding and compression

COMPUTER SYSTEMS: Network topologies

COMPUTER SYSTEMS: Wired and wireless networks, protocols, and layers

COMPUTER SYSTEMS: Threats to computer systems and networks

COMPUTER SYSTEMS: Operating systems and utility software

COMPUTER SYSTEMS: Impact of technology on society

ALGORITHMS AND PROGRAMMING: Types of data

ALGORITHMS AND PROGRAMMING: Producing robust programs

ALGORITHMS AND PROGRAMMING: Designing, creating, and refining algorithms

ALGORITHMS AND PROGRAMMING: Programming languages

ALGORITHMS AND PROGRAMMING: Artificial Intelligence (AI)

  • Data acquisition: sensors collect real-world data (e.g. temperature, motion) and convert it into digital signals for processing. 
  • Processing and decision-making: a controller analyses data using programmed logic to make decisions (e.g. ‘If temp. < 18°C, turn on heater’). 
  • Control: sends signals to actuators to perform actions (e.g. a greenhouse system waters plants when soil is dry). 
  • Communication: transfers data and commands between components or to/ from users (e.g. smart thermostat sends temperature data to a mobile app). 
  • Feedback and adaptation: the system monitors the effects of its actions using sensors. It may adjust behaviour based on feedback as closed-loop control (e.g. cruise control in a car adjusts speed based on terrain/incline).
Smart heating system
Component Role
Temperature sensor Measures room temperature
Microprocessor Decides if heating is needed
Actuator (heater) Turns on/off heating
Network connection Allows user to control via an app
HMI Mobile interface for the user
Feedback loop Monitors if the room reaches desired temperature

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