GCSE > Computer Science > Eduqas > GCSE Computer Science > COMPUTER SYSTEMS: Memory and storage > Primary storage
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  • Primary storage is a computer’s main memory, used by CPU to store program instructions and data while they are being processed. The two main types of primary storage are RAM and ROM.
  • RAM and ROM both have direct access to the CPU, unlike secondary storage devices.
  RAM (Random Access Memory) ROM (Read Only Memory)
Purpose
  • Used for temporary storage of program instructions and data while being processed by the CPU.
  • Used for permanent storage of program instructions and data, cannot have new data written to it.
  • Typically used to store the BIOS (Basic Input Output System) which is the bootup sequence that loads the operating system from secondary storage into RAM as soon as the computer turns on.
Type of storage
  • Volatile: data stored is lost when the computer is turned off or loses power.
  • Non-volatile: data stored is not lost when the computer is turned off or loses power
Notes
  • Faster than secondary storage devices but more expensive per GB.
  • Often made from flash memory which cannot be rewritten or added to without being reflashed.

Functions ROM RAM
Boots the system Yes No
Loads and runs programs No Yes
Permanent storage Yes No
Fast, temporary data access No Yes

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