Overview of number systems

There are three number systems you need to know:
- Denary (decimal) is the standard base-10 system used by humans, consisting of digits 0–9.
- Binary is the base-2 system used by computers, consisting only of 0s and 1s; each binary digit (bit) represents an on/off or true/false state in hardware.
- Hexadecimal is the base-16 system, using digits 0–9 and letters A–F to represent values 10–15; it provides a more compact and humanreadable form of binary.
Binary is used directly by computers, while hexadecimal simplifies the representation of binary values for programmers (e.g. colour codes, memory addresses).
Conversions between denary, binary, and hexadecimal are common in programming, networking, and low-level computing tasks.

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