Topic Summaries
Denaturing enzymes
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
- Enzymes work at optimum conditions, and any movement away from these conditions lowers the enzyme activity and effectiveness
| Body Part | Enzyme | Optimum pH | Optimum temp. |
| Mouth | Amylase, maltase | Alkaline | 37 °C |
| Stomach | Protease | Acidic | 37 °C |
| Small intestine | Lipase, protease, amylase, maltase | Alkaline | 37 °C |
- Enzymes are denatured by extremes of pH and temperature as the shape of the active site permanently changes so the substrate no longer fits.
- As temperature increases, enzymes and their substrate have more kinetic energy, so they will more frequently collide and enzyme activity increases.
- If temperature increases above the optimum temperature for an enzyme, it will denature because the bonds holding it together will break.
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