Topic Summaries
Charge and current
Energy and power
Renewable energy and efficiency
Charge, current, and electric fields
Potential difference and resistors
Electricity
Volume and gases
States of matter and heat capacity
Radiation
Nuclear fusion and fission
Forces
Velocity and acceleration
Gravity and Newton's Laws
Moments and elastic potential
Stopping, braking, and momentum
Properties of waves
Electromagnetic waves
Refraction and lenses
Light, colour, and ray diagrams
Absorbing and emitting infrared radiation
Magnetic fields
Motor effect, generator effect, and transformers
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
Energy and power
Renewable energy and efficiency
Charge, current, and electric fields
Potential difference and resistors
Electricity
Volume and gases
States of matter and heat capacity
Radiation
Nuclear fusion and fission
Forces
Velocity and acceleration
Gravity and Newton's Laws
Moments and elastic potential
Stopping, braking, and momentum
Properties of waves
Electromagnetic waves
Refraction and lenses
Light, colour, and ray diagrams
Absorbing and emitting infrared radiation
Magnetic fields
Motor effect, generator effect, and transformers
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
- Electrical charge is an intrinsic property of particles.
- Protons have a positive charge while electrons have a negative charge.
- Opposite charges will attract while like charges will repel.
- Charge is measured in Coulombs, C.
- An electric current is a flow of electrical charge. In circuits, this is the flow of free electrons in wires and components.
- The current will be the same at any point in a single closed loop.
- The direction of the current is shown as the opposite to the direction of electron flow.
- The size of an electric current is given as the rate of flow of charge. The charge transferred by a current is given as \(\text{current}\times\text{time}\).
- Current is measured in amperes, A.
- This equation can also be written as \(Q = It\) where:
- \(Q\) is the charge in C
- \(I\) is the current in A
- \(t\) is the time in s
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