Topic Summaries
Lenses
Energy and power
Renewable energy and efficiency
Charge, current, and electric fields
Potential difference and resistors
Electricity
Volume and gases
States of matter and heat capacity
Radiation
Nuclear fusion and fission
Forces
Velocity and acceleration
Gravity and Newton's Laws
Moments and elastic potential
Stopping, braking, and momentum
Properties of waves
Electromagnetic waves
Refraction and lenses
Light, colour, and ray diagrams
Absorbing and emitting infrared radiation
Magnetic fields
Motor effect, generator effect, and transformers
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
Energy and power
Renewable energy and efficiency
Charge, current, and electric fields
Potential difference and resistors
Electricity
Volume and gases
States of matter and heat capacity
Radiation
Nuclear fusion and fission
Forces
Velocity and acceleration
Gravity and Newton's Laws
Moments and elastic potential
Stopping, braking, and momentum
Properties of waves
Electromagnetic waves
Refraction and lenses
Light, colour, and ray diagrams
Absorbing and emitting infrared radiation
Magnetic fields
Motor effect, generator effect, and transformers
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
- Lenses use refraction to redirect light and form an image.
- Convex lenses will cause light rays from a distant object to converge at a point to form a real image. This image can be seen by placing a sheet of paper on the other side of the lens.
- Concave lenses will diverge light away from a point to form a virtual image. This image will make us think an object is somewhere it is not and cannot be formed on paper.
- Convex lenses can also form virtual images of objects close to them.
- Light rays passing through the lens parallel to its principal axis will converge to a single point. This is the principal focus of the lens.
- The focal length is the distance between the principal focus and the lens.
- As a concave lens causes rays to diverge, the focus is instead a virtual focus that is on the same side of the lens as the original rays.
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