Topic Summaries
Upthrust
Energy and power
Renewable energy and efficiency
Charge, current, and electric fields
Potential difference and resistors
Electricity
Volume and gases
States of matter and heat capacity
Radiation
Nuclear fusion and fission
Forces
Velocity and acceleration
Gravity and Newton's Laws
Moments and elastic potential
Stopping, braking, and momentum
Properties of waves
Electromagnetic waves
Refraction and lenses
Light, colour, and ray diagrams
Absorbing and emitting infrared radiation
Magnetic fields
Motor effect, generator effect, and transformers
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
Energy and power
Renewable energy and efficiency
Charge, current, and electric fields
Potential difference and resistors
Electricity
Volume and gases
States of matter and heat capacity
Radiation
Nuclear fusion and fission
Forces
Velocity and acceleration
Gravity and Newton's Laws
Moments and elastic potential
Stopping, braking, and momentum
Properties of waves
Electromagnetic waves
Refraction and lenses
Light, colour, and ray diagrams
Absorbing and emitting infrared radiation
Magnetic fields
Motor effect, generator effect, and transformers
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
- The pressure on the bottom surface of a submerged object will be greater than the pressure on the top surface. This pressure difference results in a force called upthrust.
- This upthrust will try to push the object upwards to the surface of the liquid.
- The size of the upthrust force is equal to the weight of the fluid that has been displaced by the object.
- An object will float if the upthrust force is greater than its weight.
- Objects with densities greater than that of the liquid will sink.
- Objects with densities less than that of the liquid will float on the liquid’s surface, partially submerged. How much of the object is submerged depends on how dense it is compared to the liquid.
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