Topic Summaries
Static charge
Energy and power
Renewable energy and efficiency
Charge, current, and electric fields
Potential difference and resistors
Electricity
Volume and gases
States of matter and heat capacity
Radiation
Nuclear fusion and fission
Forces
Velocity and acceleration
Gravity and Newton's Laws
Moments and elastic potential
Stopping, braking, and momentum
Properties of waves
Electromagnetic waves
Refraction and lenses
Light, colour, and ray diagrams
Absorbing and emitting infrared radiation
Magnetic fields
Motor effect, generator effect, and transformers
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
Energy and power
Renewable energy and efficiency
Charge, current, and electric fields
Potential difference and resistors
Electricity
Volume and gases
States of matter and heat capacity
Radiation
Nuclear fusion and fission
Forces
Velocity and acceleration
Gravity and Newton's Laws
Moments and elastic potential
Stopping, braking, and momentum
Properties of waves
Electromagnetic waves
Refraction and lenses
Light, colour, and ray diagrams
Absorbing and emitting infrared radiation
Magnetic fields
Motor effect, generator effect, and transformers
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
- When certain insulating materials are rubbed together, electrons will transfer from one material to the other.
- This produces a static charge in both objects.
- The object which gains electrons becomes negatively charged while the object which loses electrons becomes positively charged. These charges are equal and opposite.
- Two charged objects will attract each other when they have opposite charges and repel each other when they have like charges.
- A spark is produced when a current flows from a charged object to an earthed metal object.
- Thunder clouds are examples of static electricity on a large scale.
- Clouds gain charge when ice crystals in them rub together.
- The bottom of the cloud gains a large negative charge.
- Lightning is a spark between the cloud and the Earth due to a potential difference of millions of volts between them.
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