Topic Summaries
Microscopy
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
- Light microscopes were invented first, with a maximum resolution of 200nm.
- The eyepiece lens often has x10 magnification, then the 3 objective lenses will have different magnifications (x5, x10, and x25).
- The stage holds the specimen which is on a microscope slide under a cover slip.
- Course focus moves the stage closer and further from the chosen objective lens to roughly focus the sample, and fine focus moves the stage slowly to adjust.
- Electron microscopes were invented later and have a max. resolution of 0.1 nm, allowing for a better understanding of sub-cellular structures.
- Transmission electron microscope (TEM) fires a beam of electrons through a thin slice of the specimen. Electrons that pass through the specimen are detected and used to make the image.
- Scanning electron microscope (SEM) fires a beam of electrons across the surface of the specimen. Electrons scatter from the surface and are detected to make the image.
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