Topic Summaries
Osmosis
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
- Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane, such as the cell membrane.
- Cells can be placed in solutions with different relative concentrations.
- Isotonic: concentration inside the cell is the same as the concentration of the solution. No net movement of water.
- Hypertonic: concentration of the solution is higher than the concentration inside the cell.
- Hypotonic: concentration of the solution is lower than the concentration inside the cell.
- The water uptake rate in grams/hour is equal to the change in mass divided by the time in minutes.
| Solution | Animal cell | Plant cell |
| Hypertonic (e.g. salty brine) |
Shrunken/shrivelled
|
Flaccid → plasmolysed
|
| Hypotonic (e.g. pure water) |
Swell and burst
|
Turgid
|
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