Topic Summaries

Job roles and responsibilities

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Formula sheet

A clear organisational structure ensures that everyone in a business understands their duties and reporting lines. This promotes efficiency, accountability, and effective decision-making. Job roles are usually arranged in levels of hierarchy from strategic to operational.

This structure matters because it:

  • Ensures clear reporting lines (e.g.staff report to supervisors)
  • Avoids duplication of work
  • Improves accountability and delegation
  • Makes it easier to assess performance at each level
Role Responsibilities Examples
Directors Set the business’s overall strategic vision, ensure legal compliance, make high-level decisions about growth, investment, and risk. Accountable to shareholders (in limited companies). In Tesco, directors decide national pricing strategy or major expansions like launching a new brand.
Senior managers Implement the company’s strategy within specific departments (e.g. marketing, operations). Set departmental goals and manage budgets. Tesco’s regional managers ensure that stores in their area meet sales targets and operate efficiently
Supervisors/ team leaders Oversee day-to-day activities of staff, provide support, monitor performance, ensure tasks are completed on time. In a Tesco store, a shift supervisor manages the checkout team during a busy period
Operational staff Deliver the core products or services—interacting with customers, producing goods, or completing services. Cashiers and shelfstackers at Tesco, or baristas at Starbucks.
Support staff Provide essential administrative and technical support (e.g. IT, HR, payroll, finance) to ensure the smooth running of operations. HR staff at Tesco handle recruitment, training records, and employee benefits.

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