Expert systems (rule-based AI)

An expert system is a type of AI that uses a set of human-expert knowledge and rules to solve specific problems. Some expert systems also offer explanation facilities (i.e. telling the user why a conclusion was reached).
Expert systems are typically used in:
- Medical diagnosis (text-based or graphical)
- Legal advice
- Troubleshooting tech issues

Key component	Function
Knowledge base	Stores facts and expert knowledge about a specific topic (e.g. symptoms of diseases)
Rule base	Contains IF–THEN rules that describe logical relationships (e.g. IF fever AND cough THEN flu)
Inference engine	The “thinking” part: applies rules to the knowledge base to draw conclusions
User interface	Allows the user to input data and receive answers

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