Topic Summaries

Managing climate change

IGCSE > Geography > CIE > IGCSE Geography Topic Summaries > Climate change > Managing climate change
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Weather hazards and atmospheric circulation

Tropical storm hazards

Responding to tropical storms

Hot desert ecosystems

Cold environment ecosystems

Glacial landscapes

Glacial landform processes

Water supply

Energy supply

Mitigation (reducing the causes of climate change) Adaptation (responding to the effects of climate change)
  • Alternative energy production: using renewable energy sources (e.g. solar, wind, hydroelectric) reduces CO2 and greenhouse gas emissions. 
  • Carbon capture and storage (CCS): captures up to 90% of CO2 from emission sources (e.g. power plants). CO2 is safely stored underground beneath impermeable rock. 
  • Planting trees: trees absorb CO2 during photosynthesis, helping to reduce CO2 levels. Forests can absorb up to 28% of global CO2 emissions.
  • International agreements: countries work together to reduce emissions. For example, the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, signed by 195 countries, aims to limit global warming to 1.5°C.
  • Changes in agricultural systems: farmers adapt to changing rainfall patterns, temperatures, and pests/ diseases. Strategies include irrigation systems and growing drought-resistant crops.
  • Managing water supply: installing water-efficient devices to reduce water usage, and increasing water supply through desalination plants and improved irrigation systems.
  • Reducing risks from rising sea levels: building flood defences, such as the Thames Flood Barrier. Raising buildings on stilts or higher ground also helps avoid flooding.

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