Topic Summaries

Key terms

IGCSE > Geography > CIE > IGCSE Geography Topic Summaries > Patterns of urban change > Key terms
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Weather hazards and atmospheric circulation

Tropical storm hazards

Responding to tropical storms

Hot desert ecosystems

Cold environment ecosystems

Glacial landscapes

Glacial landform processes

Water supply

Energy supply

  • Urbanisation: is when more people move to towns and cities, causing it to grow. Urbanisation is increasing faster in LICs (Low-Income Countries) than HICs (High-Income Countries) because most HICs are already urbanised. By 2050, India, China, and Nigeria will account for 37% of global urbanisation growth.
  • Push factors are reasons people leave an area (e.g. lack of jobs, poor living conditions), whereas pull factors are reasons people move to an area (e.g. better jobs, healthcare, education).
  • Megacities: cities with over 10 million people (e.g. London, Dhaka, Tokyo).

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