Topic Summaries
Structure of the atom
Energy and power
Renewable energy and efficiency
Charge, current, and electric fields
Potential difference and resistors
Electricity
Volume and gases
States of matter and heat capacity
Radiation
Nuclear fusion and fission
Forces
Velocity and acceleration
Gravity and Newton's Laws
Moments and elastic potential
Stopping, braking, and momentum
Properties of waves
Electromagnetic waves
Refraction and lenses
Light, colour, and ray diagrams
Absorbing and emitting infrared radiation
Magnetic fields
Motor effect, generator effect, and transformers
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
Energy and power
Renewable energy and efficiency
Charge, current, and electric fields
Potential difference and resistors
Electricity
Volume and gases
States of matter and heat capacity
Radiation
Nuclear fusion and fission
Forces
Velocity and acceleration
Gravity and Newton's Laws
Moments and elastic potential
Stopping, braking, and momentum
Properties of waves
Electromagnetic waves
Refraction and lenses
Light, colour, and ray diagrams
Absorbing and emitting infrared radiation
Magnetic fields
Motor effect, generator effect, and transformers
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
- Materials are made up of atoms, which have a radius of around \(1\times10^{10}\) m.
- Each atom contains a nucleus, consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
- The nucleus is around 1/10,000 the size of the atom.
- Almost all the atom’s mass is contained in the nucleus.
- The nucleus is surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
- These electrons move in set energy levels at different distances from the nucleus.
- An electron will move further from the nucleus and increase its energy level by absorbing electromagnetic radiation.
- It will move towards the nucleus and decrease its energy level by emitting electromagnetic radiation.
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