Topic Summaries
Reflection and absorption
Energy and power
Renewable energy and efficiency
Charge, current, and electric fields
Potential difference and resistors
Electricity
Volume and gases
States of matter and heat capacity
Radiation
Nuclear fusion and fission
Forces
Velocity and acceleration
Gravity and Newton's Laws
Moments and elastic potential
Pressure
Stopping, braking, and momentum
Properties of waves
Electromagnetic waves
Refraction and lenses
Light, colour, and ray diagrams
Absorbing and emitting infrared radiation
Magnetic fields
Motor effect, generator effect, and transformers
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
Energy and power
Renewable energy and efficiency
Charge, current, and electric fields
Potential difference and resistors
Electricity
Volume and gases
States of matter and heat capacity
Radiation
Nuclear fusion and fission
Forces
Velocity and acceleration
Gravity and Newton's Laws
Moments and elastic potential
Pressure
Stopping, braking, and momentum
Properties of waves
Electromagnetic waves
Refraction and lenses
Light, colour, and ray diagrams
Absorbing and emitting infrared radiation
Magnetic fields
Motor effect, generator effect, and transformers
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
- When a wave reaches a boundary between two media, it can be transmitted, absorbed, or reflected.
- Typically, a wave that is reflected will also partially be transmitted.
- Waves will be reflected such that \(\text{angle of incidence}=\text{angle of reflection}\).
- This equation can be written as \(i=r\), where \(i\) is the angle of incidence and \(r\) is the angle of reflection.
- These angles are measured between the path of the wave and the normal to the boundary. The normal is a line drawn at 90° to its surface.
- We see an image in a mirror because reflected rays of light from an object appear to converge at a point inside the mirror.
- White and brightly coloured materials reflect a lot of light, while black and darkly coloured materials absorb a lot of light.
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