Topic Summaries

Present perfect tense

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GCSE > Spanish > CCEA > GCSE Spanish Topic Summaries > Grammar II: Verbs > Present perfect tense
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DIALOGUE EXAMPLES: The wider world

  • The present perfect is used to describe actions that have happened recently or that still have relevance to the present (e.g.‘I have walked,’ ‘she has eaten,’ ‘we have gone’).
  • Structure:
    • [Subject] + [conjugated form of haber] + [past participle]
    • The subject can be stated (yo, tú, él, etc.) or implied.
    • The verb haber must agree with the subject (it must be conjugated).
    • The past participle (gerund) stays the same for all subjects
  • To form the present perfect:
    • First conjugate haber in the present tense:
Person haber
   
   
   
   
   
Person haber
yo he
tú has
él/ella/usted ha
nosotros/as hemos
vosotros/as habéis
ellos/ellas/ustedes han
    • Then, add the past participle (or the gerund):
      • For -ar verbs, add -ado (e.g. hablar → hablado spoken).
      • For -er/-ir verbs, add -ido (e.g. comer → comido eaten).
  • Examples with regular verbs:
    • Yo he hablado con ella. (I have spoken with her.)
    • Tú has comido pizza. (You have eaten pizza.)
    • Él ha vivido en España. (He has lived in Spain.)
    • Nosotros hemos trabajado mucho. (We have worked a lot.)
    • Vosotros habéis estudiado bien. (You all have studied well.)
    • Ellos han leído el libro. (They have read the book.)

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