Topic Summaries

Biodiversity issues in cold environments

IGCSE > Geography > Pearson IGCSE > IGCSE Geography Topic Summaries > Cold environment ecosystems > Biodiversity issues in cold environments
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Weather hazards and atmospheric circulation

Hot desert ecosystems

Cold environment ecosystems

Glacial landscapes

Glacial landform processes

Energy supply

  • Habitat loss: deforestation, urbanisation, and agriculture destroy natural habitats. Animals and plants lose their homes, leading to population declines and extinction. 
  • Climate change: rising temperatures, changing weather patterns, and melting ice caps all contribute to a changing climate where species struggle to adapt to new conditions. Polar regions are particularly vulnerable to damage from global warming.
  • Pollution: plastic waste, chemicals, and oil spills pollute land, water, and air. Pollution harms wildlife, damages ecosystems, and disrupts food chains.
  • Overexploitation: for example, overfishing, hunting, and logging for resources. Species are pushed to the brink of extinction, and ecosystems become unbalanced.

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