Topic Summaries

Layers of the Earth

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Weather hazards and atmospheric circulation

Hot desert ecosystems

Cold environment ecosystems

Glacial landscapes

Glacial landform processes

  • Crust: the Earth has two main types of crust: 
    • Oceanic crust: situated below the ocean and thinner than continental crust. This layer is made of basalt which is denser and ideal for subduction.
    • Continental crust: found beneath continents and thicker than oceanic crust. This type of crust is made of granite which is less dense than basalt.
  • Mantle: the thickest section of all the earth’s layers. (approx. 2,900 km) and made from semi-molten rock (magma).
  • Core: broken down into two further layers (inner and outer) which are both made from nickel and iron
    • The inner core is a solid and the hottest part of the Earth.
    • The outer core is liquid matter.

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